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January 2026 Seasonal Closures for Gulf and Atlantic Waters

December 23th, 2025


As we move into the new year, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) reminds anglers of two important seasonal closures beginning January 1, 2026.


Gray Triggerfish (Gulf State Waters)
Recreational harvest of gray triggerfish will close on January 1 and reopen on March 1, 2026. These closures help ensure sustainable populations and continued fishing opportunities for years to come.


Shallow Water Grouper (Atlantic State Waters, including Monroe County)
Recreational harvest for the shallow water grouper complex — which includes black, gag, yellowfin, scamp, yellowmouth, red, coney, graysby, red hind, and rock hind — will also close on January 1. The closure protects spawning fish during critical months and will reopen on May 1, 2026.


FWC encourages all anglers targeting reef species such as gag grouper and gray triggerfish to participate in the State Reef Fish Survey, which helps improve fisheries data and management across Florida. If you fish from a private vessel for reef species, make sure you’re signed up.

Learn more at MyFWC.com/Marine or download the Fish Rules App for up-to-date regulations.


Source: Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC), Dec. 23, 2025.

LEARN MORE

New Artificial Reef in Martin County: The Borocho Sinking Creates Vital Marine Habitat

December 11th, 2025


On November 18, 2025, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC), in partnership with Martin County Environmental Resources, sank a 227-foot derelict freight vessel named Borocho to create a new artificial reef off the coast of Martin County. The ship now rests nearly 200 feet below the surface, nine miles offshore from the St. Lucie Inlet.


The vessel had been abandoned in the Miami River for more than a decade before the FWC’s Derelict Vessel Program stepped in to remove and repurpose it. Rather than opting for costly land disposal, the agency chose artificial reefing—a sustainable and cost-effective solution that transforms disused ships into thriving marine habitats.


Now known as the Boo McCulley Reef, this new site honors John “Boo” McCulley, a pioneer in Florida’s artificial reef development. The reef extends the Sirotkin permitted area, a popular 1.14-nautical-mile fishing corridor where anglers target species such as mackerel, amberjack, and snapper.


The project highlights how responsible marine management can both protect Florida’s waterways and create new opportunities for fishing and diving. Artificial reefs like this one enhance biodiversity, support fish populations, and give new life to the Gulf and Atlantic ecosystems.

For coordinates, maps, and more information on artificial reefs in Florida, visit MyFWC.com/ArtificialReefs.


Source: Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC), Dec. 11, 2025.

LEARN MORE

2025 Horseshoe Crab Watch Report

Rattlesnakes on Our Barrier Islands; Part 1 Knowing the Snake

Rattlesnakes on Our Barrier Islands; Part 1 Knowing the Snake

December 2nd, 2026


UF/IFAS Extension’s 2025 Horseshoe Crab Watch Report shares what local volunteers documented in Pensacola Bay and Santa Rosa Sound, including survey totals, where molts were found, and the unusual number of dead horseshoe crab reports in October and November. It is a quick, data-based snapshot of what is happening in our backyard and why sightings (live, molts, or deceased) still matter for understanding and protecting this ancient species. Read the full report here.


Source: Rick O'Connor. University of Florida, Dec. 2nd, 2025.

Rattlesnakes on Our Barrier Islands; Part 1 Knowing the Snake

Rattlesnakes on Our Barrier Islands; Part 1 Knowing the Snake

Rattlesnakes on Our Barrier Islands; Part 1 Knowing the Snake

December 2nd, 2026


UF/IFAS Extension’s “Rattlesnakes on Our Barrier Islands; Part 1 – Knowing the Snake” is a practical, no-panic primer on the eastern diamondback and why it belongs in our barrier island ecosystem. It explains common traits and behaviors (rattle, heat-sensing pits, how they “smell,” and how strikes work) so locals and visitors can better identify them, respect their space, and stay safe outdoors. Read it here.


Source: Rick O'Connor. University of Florida, Dec. 2nd, 2025.

Water Quality

HEALTH ADVISORIES – FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH

Enterococcus bacteria are associated with the digestive systems of birds and mammals.  Their presence in the environment indicates the presence of bird or mammal feces.  Detection of Enterococcus in water sources is used as a proxy for possible human waste and health concerns.  Health advisories are issued to marine waterways by the Department of Health following US EPA protocols if the level of Enterococcus is above 71 colonies/100ml of sample.  We post the weekly reports below and provide quarterly updates.


NOVEMBER 17, 2025     

NO HEALTH ADVISORIES ISSUED THIS WEEK.

Good – Sanders Beach, Bruce Beach, Bayou Texar 

Moderate –

Poor –

NOVEMBER 12, 2025     

HEALTH ADVISORIES ISSUED LAST WEEK FOR BRUCE BEACH.

Good – Sanders Beach, Bayou Texar 

Moderate –

Poor – Bruce Beach


2025 HEALTH ADVISORY SUMMARY

260 samples – 23 advisories issued – 9% of samples collected  


SANITARY SEWER OVERFLOWS – EMERALD COAST UTILITY AUTHORITY

LAST SANITARY SEWAGE OVERFLOW – NOV 3 – NEAR 5615 SCENIC HWY. 

Cause: overflow manhole caused by a tree root blockage. 

Spill: 1,800 gallons


RED TIDE REPORTS – FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

These reports are provided by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC)

NOVEMBER 14, 2025

FLORIDA PANHANDLE

Red tide was detected at background to low concentrations in Bay County, very low in Gulf County, and background to very low in Franklin County.

Fish kills were reported in both Bay and Gulf counties. 

THE REST OF FLORIDA

Red tide was not detected anywhere else in Florida.


NOVEMBER 7, 2025

FLORIDA PANHANDLE

Red tide was detected at background concentrations in Walton County, background to very low in Bay County, low to high in Gulf County, and background in Franklin County.

Fish kills were reported in both Bay and Gulf counties.

THE REST OF FLORIDA

Red tide was detected at background concentrations at one site in Volusia County. 

ANNUAL RAINFALL DATA - NOAA - Pensacola Bay Area

2012 – 66.63”

2013 – 74.61”

2014 – 83.17”

2015 – 75.69”

2016 – 64.62”

2017 – 91.91”

2018 – 90.01”

2019 – 52.56”

2020 – 76.49”

2021 – 88.43”

2022 – 69.03”

2023 – 58.51”

2024 – 64.60”

2025 – 55.47”

VIBRIO VULNIFICUS CASES

Vibrio vulnificus is one of several Vibrio bacteria found in our coastal waters.  The bacteria are naturally occurring here and are more abundant in warm water.  Infections are usually associated with entering the water with open wounds or consuming uncooked seafood.  Individuals with comprised immune systems (for a variety of reasons) are at highest risk.  Below are Vibrio cases for our area. 


THIS WEEK -

No new cases in Escambia County.

No new cases in Santa Rosa County.

One new case in Florida but no new deaths were reported. 

ESCAMBIA COUNTY LANDS AND WATER QUALITY DIVISION WATER QUALITY PORTAL

This portal will provide updated water quality information from Escambia County.  You can access this portal at https://myescambia.com/our-services/natural-resources-management/water-quality-land-management/surface-water-quality-monitoring/water-quality-data


PENSACOLA-PERDIDO BAY ESTUARY PROGRAM’S STATE OF THE BAY REPORT CARD

This is an excellent website reporting on a variety of environmental parameters across the bay system. 

https://www.stateofthebays.org/.


By Rick O’Connor

Escambia County Sea Grant Extension Agent

November 21th, 2025

Be BearWise® as bears are more active in fall

By Rick O’Connor

Escambia County Sea Grant Extension Agent

November 11th, 2025


The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) is sharing the reminder that Florida’s black bears are more active in the fall as they search for food before winter. Following BearWise® practices such as securing garbage and removing food attractants can help prevent conflicts with bears, as well as with other wildlife.


Bears start consuming more calories in the fall to store up fat reserves for the winter, even here in Florida. This seasonal need to increase fat reserves results in more activity from bears while in search of food. An adult bear needs to consume up to 20,000 calories a day during the fall. When given the opportunity, hungry bears will take advantage of easily accessible food sources from unsecured garbage, pet food and even bird seed from bird feeders.

📸 gettyimages

“Bears are opportunistic eaters with very strong senses of smell. To prevent bears from associating your yard or neighborhood with a free meal, remove any attractants such as unsecured trash or bird seed,” said Mike Orlando, FWC Bear Management Program Coordinator. “When bears can’t find food, they’ll move on.”


To help prevent conflicts with bears, follow these six easy BearWise Basics:


1. Never feed or approach bears

  • Feeding bears can make them lose their natural fear of people.
  • It is illegal in Florida to intentionally feed bears or leave out food or garbage that will attract bears and cause conflicts.
  • Getting close to a wild animal is dangerous.

2. Secure food and garbage

  • Store garbage in a sturdy shed or garage and then put it out on the morning of pickup rather than the night before.
  • If not stored in a secured building modify your existing garbage can to make it more bear-resistant or use a bear-resistant container.
  • Secure commercial garbage in bear-resistant dumpsters.
  • Protect gardens, beehives, compost and livestock with 
  • Pick ripe fruit from trees and bushes and remove fallen fruit from the ground.

3. Remove or secure bird feeders

  • Remove bird feeders where bears are present.
  • If bird feeders are left up, only put enough food out for birds to finish eating before dark
  • Use other options to attract birds, not bears.

4. Never leave pet food outdoors

  • Feed pets indoors.
  • If feeding pets outdoors, only put food outside for short time periods and bring in leftover food and dishes after each feeding.

5. Clean and store grills

  • Clean and degrease grills and smokers after each use.
  • If mobile, store them in a secure shed or garage.


6. Alert neighbors to bear activity

  • If you see a bear, let your neighbors know.
  • Share tips on how to avoid conflicts with bears.
  • Encourage your homeowner’s association or local government to institute bylaws or ordinances to require trash be kept secure.


While black bears generally are not aggressive, they can injure people and pets. Female bears with cubs can be particularly defensive and protective of their offspring. Dogs can trigger from bears; 60% of incidents where bears injured people in Florida involved dogs. When walking dogs, keep them close to you – preferably on a non-retractable leash – and be aware of your surroundings. Before letting your dog out at night, flip lights on and off and bang on the door to give bears and other wildlife a chance to flee.

As bears increase their movements in search of food this time of year, they also increase the number of roads they cross. For the safety of yourself and bears, remember to slow down when driving, particularly on rural highways at dawn or dusk. Watch for road signage identifying known bear crossing areas.


Having conflicts with bears?

Call one of the FWC’s five regional offices to speak with staff about specifics of the situation to help resolve any conflicts. Go to MyFWC.com/Contact and click on “Contact Regional Offices” to find the phone number for your region. If you spot an injured, orphaned or dead bear, feel threatened by a bear, or to report someone who is either harming bears or intentionally feeding them, call the FWC’s Wildlife Alert Hotline at 888-404-FWCC (3922).


More information is available at MyFWC.com/Bear, where you can access the “Guide to Living in Bear Country” brochure. Find additional ways to be BearWise at BearWise.org. Help us help bears and other wildlife by purchasing the Conserve Wildlife tag at WildlifeFlorida.org/CWT.



Written by

Rick O’Connor

Escambia County Sea Grant Extension Agent

FWC proposes changes for spotted seatrout management

By Rick O’Connor

Escambia County Sea Grant Extension Agent

November 7th, 2025


At its November meeting, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) proposed new management regions and regulation changes for spotted seatrout. The proposed new regions would allow the FWC to better capture local differences in the fishery using an adaptive holistic management approach. 


The proposed rule changes would: 

  • Establish nine management regions for spotted seatrout.
  • Establish regional regulations for:
    • Recreational bag limits and closed seasons.
    • Recreational allowance of one fish over-slot.
    • Commercial closed seasons.


“Taking an adaptive holistic approach to spotted seatrout management will continue the success FWC has seen with Florida’s redfish and snook fisheries,” said FWC Chairman Rodney Barreto. 


“This approach allows us to be fluid and reactive to the unique needs of each region,” said FWC Commissioner Preston Farrior. “We encourage our anglers to share their valuable input with FWC staff as we work together for the long-term sustainability of this important species.” 


Staff will be hosting in-person and virtual workshops to gather input on the proposed rules ahead of a planned final rule hearing at the February Commission meeting. Below is a list of workshop dates and locations. In-person workshops will begin at 6 p.m. and conclude by 8 p.m. local time. The virtual webinars will begin at 6 p.m. ET and conclude by 8 p.m. ET. The public is encouraged to attend one of FWC’s in-person workshops or one of the virtual webinars. 


Wednesday, Nov. 12

  • Apalachicola: Franklin County Commission Chambers, 34 Forbes St. 

Thursday, Nov. 13

  • Crawfordville: Wakulla County Community Center, 318 Shadeville Road.
  • Virtual webinar: Charlotte Harbor, Southwest and Southeast regions. To join, visit: MyFWC.com/SaltwaterWorkshops. 

Monday, Nov. 17

  • Virtual webinar: Panhandle Region. To join, visit: MyFWC.com/SaltwaterWorkshops.

Tuesday, Nov. 18

  • Stuart: City of Stuart Commission Chambers, 121 SW Flagler Ave.
  • Jacksonville: Mayport "William B. Gulliford” Community Center, 4875 Ocean St. 

Wednesday, Nov. 19

  • Sebastian: Sebastian Community Center, 1805 N. Central Ave.
  • Titusville: Titusville Community Center, 4220 S. Hopkins Ave. 

Thursday, Nov. 20

  • New Smyrna Beach: Marine Discovery, 520 Barracuda Blvd.
  • Augustine: St. Johns Agricultural Center, 3125 Agricultural Center Drive. 

Monday, Dec. 1

  • Virtual webinar: Big Bend Region. To join, visit: MyFWC.com/SaltwaterWorkshops.

Monday, Dec. 8

  • Virtual webinar: Tampa Bay and Sarasota Bay regions. To join, visit: MyFWC.com/SaltwaterWorkshops.

Submit public comments on spotted seatrout regional management to the FWC Saltwater Public Comments page or email Marine@MyFWC.com. 


For the full Commission Meeting Nov. 5-6 agenda and links to background reports, go to MyFWC.com/Commission and select “Commission Meetings.” 


For current recreational spotted seatrout regulations, visit MyFWC.com/Marine and click on “Recreational Regulations” and “Spotted Seatrout.” This page includes the spotted seatrout annual reviews, which provide a summary of the fishery status in each proposed management region.

Water Quality

HEALTH ADVISORIES – FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH

Enterococcus bacteria are associated with the digestive systems of birds and mammals.  Their presence in the environment indicates the presence of bird or mammal feces.  Detection of Enterococcus in water sources is used as a proxy for possible human waste and health concerns.  Health advisories are issued to marine waterways by the Department of Health following US EPA protocols if the level of Enterococcus is above 71 colonies/100ml of sample.  We post the weekly reports below and provide quarterly updates.


NOVEMBER 3, 2025     

NO HEALTH ADVISORIES ISSUED THIS WEEK.

Good – Sanders Beach, Bruce Beach, Bayou Texar 

Moderate –

Poor –

2025 HEALTH ADVISORY SUMMARY

254 samples – 22 advisories issued – 9% of samples collected  


SANITARY SEWAGE OVERFLOW – NOV 3 – NEAR 5615 SCENIC HWY. 

Cause:              overflow manhole caused by a tree root blockage. 

Spill:   1,800 gallons


RED TIDE REPORTS – FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION

These reports are provided by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC)


OCT 31, 2025


FLORIDA PANHANDLE

Red tide was detected at background to high concentrations in Bay County and medium to high concentrations in Gulf County.

Fish kills were reported in both Bay and Gulf counties. 

THE REST OF FLORIDA

Red tide was detected at background concentrations at one site in Pinellas County, one sample offshore of Lee County, and one site in Flagler County. 


ANNUAL RAINFALL DATA - NOAA

Pensacola Bay Area

2012 – 66.63”

2013 – 74.61”

2014 – 83.17”

2015 – 75.69”

2016 – 64.62”

2017 – 91.91”

2018 – 90.01”

2019 – 52.56”

2020 – 76.49”

2021 – 88.43”

2022 – 69.03”

2023 – 58.51”

2024 – 64.60”

2025 – 55.39”

VIBRIO VULNIFICUS CASES

Vibrio vulnificus is one of several Vibrio bacteria found in our coastal waters.  The bacteria are naturally occurring here and are more abundant in warm water.  Infections are usually associated with entering the water with open wounds or consuming uncooked seafood.  Individuals with comprised immune systems (for a variety of reasons) are at highest risk.  


Vibrio cases for our area. 

THIS WEEK -

No new cases in Escambia County.

No new cases in Santa Rosa County.

No new cases in Florida. 

FWC CLASSIFIES CAROLINA HAMMERHEAD AS A PROHIBITED SPECIES

Our Mission

📸 CC BY-SA 4.0


By Rick O’Connor

Escambia County Sea Grant Extension Agent

November 5th, 2025


At its November meeting, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) approved classifying the Carolina hammerhead as a prohibited species within Florida state waters. 

This rule will help mitigate identification challenges associated with other prohibited shark species and promote conservation for large coastal hammerheads. 


Learn more about other prohibited shark species by visiting MyFWC.com/Sharks.­

For the full Commission Meeting Nov. 5-6 agenda, including links to background reports, go to MyFWC.com/About and click on “The Commission” and “Commission Meetings.”

Suggested post: 

The @MyFWC classifies Carolina #hammerhead as a prohibited species: https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/FLFFWCC/bulletins/3fa2326 #Florida #fishing #FWC2025 

snakes

2025 Snake Watch Summer Report

By Rick O’Connor

Escambia County Sea Grant Extension Agent

November 3rd, 2025


As many of you know, we have been tracking snake encounters in the Pensacola Bay area since 2022.  The purpose of this project is to let the community know which snakes are encountered the most and what time of year they are seen.  There are 40 species of snakes known to our area, and over the last three years 31 (78%) of the 40 known species have been encountered at least once. 


For some reason, 2025 has been a slow year for snake encounters.  It may be the intense heat we had this summer, the cold event this past winter, or just fewer people reporting, either way it has been a slow year. 


This past winter we had 19 reports – 10 different species – and the banded water snake was the most common. 


In the spring we had 57 reports – 15 species (5 of them seen for the first time this year) – and the eastern ribbon snake was the most common. 

For summer we had 33 reports – 13 species (1 seen for the first time this year) – and the cottonmouth was the most common. 


Fall has also been off to a slow start.  For the month of October, we have had 6 reports – only 3 species – and the banded water snake was the most common.  We will see what November and December brings.  We will post an end-of-the-year report in early January. 


If you see a snake – send photo to Rick O’Connor at roc1@ufl.edu.

email rick

Video by Snake Rescue & Relocation Pensacola.
This is a banded watersnake rescued from the Chandelle neighborhood in Perdido, Florida in December 2024.

HALLOWEED 2025

By Rick O’Connor

Escambia County Sea Grant Extension Agent

October 31st, 2025


Halloweed is an annual event where volunteers help remove invasive species from the Pensacola Bay area. 


This year 43 students from the Gulf Breeze High School National Honors Society and University of West Florida’s Student Environment Advocacy Society (SEAS) helped remove over 4 trash cans full of seed from the invasive beach vitex on Pensacola Beach. 


Florida Sea Grant and Escambia County Extension Office appreciate all of the work these students did trying to contain this invasive plant from spreading further. 

FWC & Florida Sea Grant Stop By Panhandle Salt

September 5th, 2025


This week we had the honor of hosting MyFWC Florida Fish and Wildlife Erin Pereira. and Rick O’Connor from Florida Sea Grant at the shop. Two key items were on the agenda:
Land-based surf fishing charters, how to get our profession organized, protected, and respected along the Gulf Coast.
Upcoming Spotted Seatrout Rulemaking Workshops, a chance for anglers to directly shape the future of this iconic fishery.

These workshops are open to the public, and your input as a saltwater angler is needed. Bring your ideas, experiences, and recommendations about the future of speckled trout management.
Workshop Schedule (6:00–8:00 PM each night):
Pensacola — September 8th @ Pensacola Public Library (239 N Spring St)
Panama City — September 9th @ Bay County Public Library (898 W 11th St)
Destin — September 11th @ Destin Fishing Museum (108 Stahlman Ave)

This is your chance to have a voice in how regulations are shaped. The more input, the better the outcome for our fisheries. For more information visit https://myfwc.com/fishing/saltwater/rulemaking/workshops/...

Comments can be submitted here: https://myfwc.com/.../rulem.../saltwater-public-comments/...

New Invasive Species Alert
We also discussed a recent FWRI press release about a new invasive species to the northern Gulf — the thrush cowrie.

Native to the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, it was first reported on Florida’s east coast in 2022 and is now showing up along the Panhandle.

They thrive in waters under 25’, feeding on vegetation.

Their larvae are planktonic, carried by currents or transported in ship ballast water.

They secrete eggs on hard surfaces like jetties and seawalls.

If you find this snail, remove it and report the sighting to your local Sea Grant Agent at the Extension Office. https://www.facebook.com/escambia.extension

This is a reminder that we’re all stewards of the Gulf. From attending workshops to pulling invasive species, every action helps keep our fishery strong.


Information and picture provided by Rick O’Connor - Escambia County Sea Grant Extension Agent

Beach Clean Up (Post Labor Day)

September 2nd, 2025


Couldn’t be more proud of our volunteers this morning who donated their time:

Sig’s Breakfast & Burgers + Perdido Key Bike Rentals  covered Access 1

Gillikin's Island handled the Parasail spot down to Access 2

Larry Grossman the The Forgotten Angler worked Access 2 west into the State Park with Thunder, Panhandle Salt, and MariTirado on his trail. 

Rick Choate hit Johnson Beach


In just over an hour we cleared a ton of debris off the sand. Amazing what gets done with a few friends and a willingness to give back. Thank you to everyone who showed up and supported the Gulf Coast Land-Based Fishing Guide Association. This is how we work with our beaches—not against them.


See you on the sand. 

Perdido Key Area Chamber of Commerce
Visit Pensacola
Florida Sea Grant
Gulf Islands National Seashore

    Copyright © 2025 Gulf Coast Land-Based Fishing Guide Association - All Rights Reserved.

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